The anti-nuclear movement in Japan after the Asia-Pacific War has been very dynamic, changing its nature and focus with the fluctuations in the domestic and international political opportunities and constrains. From the mid- 1950s, after the incident with the fishing vessel Lucky Dragon, the movement evolved from the anti-war, peace and anti-nuclear (hansen, heiwa, hankaku) movement, which focused primarily on abolition of war and nuclear weapons, into the protests against construction of nuclear power plants and lawsuits for damages in the 1970s. In the following decade of the 1980s after the Chernobyl accident, the movement encompassed the calls for abolition of nuclear energy in Japan under the slogan of opposition to the nuclear power plants (han/datsugenpatsu). During the lecture I will analyze the post-Fukushima (new) antinuclear movement in comparison to those previous (old) movements focusing on such issues as: organizational structures, mobilization strategies, repertoire of protests and issue framing. Drawing on the sociological methodology of social movement theory and political studies’ theory of civil society, as well as the results from the field work conducted in Japan in 2013-2014, I will underscore the mechanisms of networking, professionalization and specialization, and furthermore, the development of the narrative of the ‘common people’ protest – as one of the key features of the post-Fukushima anti-nuclear movement. Finally, I will comment on the consequences of the movement for the national energy policy.